The 29-year-old will be in the dugout for Spurs’ Carabao Cup Final against Manchester City on Sunday as they look to end their 13-year wait for silverware.
The development comes after Jose Mourinho was sacked on Monday.
A statement by chairman Daniel Levy read: “We have great belief in this squad of talented players.
“We have a cup final and six Premier League games ahead of us and we shall now focus all our energies on achieving a strong finish to the season.”
Mason, who played 70 times for Spurs, will be joined by Chris Powell and Nigel Gibbs as interim assistant head coaches.
Michel Vorm has been appointed interim goalkeeping coach while club legend Ledley King continues as first team assistant.
Mason was forced to retire as a football player in 2018 at the age of just 26 due to risks associated with a head injury he had suffered the previous season.
He joined the coaching set-up at Tottenham in April 2018 before becoming the official academy coach of the Under-19 team in July 2019.
Then in August of last year the ex-England midfielder became head of youth development with the Lilywhites.